MC	Which statement is NOT CORRECT?	The file approach to data management causes the same information to be stored separately for different applications.	incorrect	In a file approach to data management, the data definitions are included in each application separately.	incorrect	In a file approach to data management, different applications could be using older and newer versions of the same data.	incorrect	In a file approach to data management, a change in the structure of a data file is easily handled because each application has its own data files.	correct	
MC	Which statement is NOT CORRECT?	In a database approach, applications don't have their own files, but all applications access the same version of the data by interfacing with the DBMS.	incorrect	In a database approach, the data definitions or metadata are stored in the applications accessing the data.	correct	In a database approach, there is typically less storage needed compared to the file approach.	incorrect	In a database approach, maintenance of data and metadata is easier.	incorrect	
MC	Which statement is NOT CORRECT?	In a file-based approach, every application had its own query and access procedures, even if they wanted to access the same data.	incorrect	SQL is a database language to manage DBMSs without having to write a substantial amount of programming code.	incorrect	SQL is a database language that focusses on how to access and retrieve the data.	correct	SQL is a database language that allows different applications to access different subsets of the data necessary for each application.	incorrect	
MC	Which statement is NOT CORRECT?	In a conceptual data model, the data requirements from the business should be captured and modeled.	incorrect	A conceptual data model is implementation dependent.	correct	A logical data model translates the conceptual data model to a specific implementation environment.	incorrect	Examples of implementations of logical data models are hierarchical, CODASYL, relational or object-oriented models.	incorrect	
MC	Complete the following sentence, choosing the right words on place <b>A</b> and <b>B</b>.<br><br>A ...<b>A</b>... data model is the mapping of a ...<b>B</b>... data model to a model that describes which data is stored where and in what format.	A: internal, B: logical	correct	A: conceptual, B: internal	incorrect	A: logical, B: internal	incorrect	A: logical, B: conceptual	incorrect	
MC	What concept specifies the various data items, their characteristics and relationships, constraints, storage details, etc. and is specified during the database design?	Database model	correct	Catalog	incorrect	Database state	incorrect	None of these concepts	incorrect	
MC	Which statement is CORRECT?	The database state represents the data in the database when the database is first created.	incorrect	The database state changes when data is updated or removed.	correct	The database state specifies the various data items, their characteristiscs and relationships and is specified during the database design.	incorrect	The database is stored in the catalog.	incorrect	
MC	Complete this sentence: In the three-layer architecture, between the external layer and the conceptual/logical layer, there is...	Physical data independence	incorrect	Logical data independence	correct	No independence, they are basically the same thing	incorrect	The internal layer	incorrect	
MC	Statement A: The middle layer of the three-layer architecture consists of both the conceptual data model and the logical data model. The logical data model is physically implemented in the internal layer. <br><br> Statement B: The top level of the three-layer architecture is the external layer. Views for one or more applications always offer a window on the complete logical model.<br><br>Which sentence(s) is/are right?	Only sentence A is right	correct	Only sentence B is right	incorrect	Sentence A and B are right	incorrect	Neither A or B is right	incorrect	
MC	Statement A: DDL is the language used to define the logical data model, but no other data models. <br><br> Statement B: SQL is a DML language to retrieve, insert, delete and modify data. It is stored in the catalog. <br><br>Which sentence(s) is/are right?	Only A	incorrect	Only B	incorrect	A and B	incorrect	Neither A or B	correct	
MC	Statement A: Physical data independence implies that neither the applications, nor the views or logical data models must be changed when changes are made to the data storage specifications in the internal data model. <br><br> Statement B: Logical data independence implies that software applications are minimally affected by changes in the conceptual or logical data model. <br><br>Which sentence(s) is/are right?	Only A	incorrect	Only B	incorrect	A and B	correct	Neither A or B	incorrect	
MC	Consider this rule: "An employee of a department can never earn more than the manager of the department." This is an example of a:	Syntactical integrity rule	incorrect	Semantical integrity rule	correct